Manufacturing method guide

Manufacturing methods

Compare each process by geometry, material behaviour, dimensional requirements, surface finish, quantity and service environment. The detailed FDM and vat-photopolymerization guides explain evidence-based process mechanics without changing Workpiece production availability.

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Process comparison

Compare process capabilities and constraints

Open a card for the process description, strengths, limitations and typical applications. Planned processes are educational references and are not currently orderable.

How it worksA heated nozzle deposits thermoplastic filament along toolpaths in successive layers. Perimeters, solid regions, infill and layer interfaces form the finished part.

Strengths: Low tooling cost, complex geometry, fast iteration, many engineering polymers and lightweight internal structure.
Limitations: Directional mechanical properties, visible layer lines, process-dependent tolerances and limited unsupported overhangs.
Applications: Brackets, guards, ducts, assembly aids, robot end effectors, housings and replacement parts.

Selection basisUseful when complex 3D geometry or rapid iteration is more important than a machined surface or bulk-metal properties.

Open FDM / FFF engineering guide →

Workpiece statusResin production is post-V1 and is not currently orderable. This entry is an educational process comparison, not a live manufacturing offer.

How it worksLiquid photopolymer is selectively exposed in successive layers. SLA scans the layer with a laser; DLP projects the layer image; MSLA uses an LCD mask over a light source.

Strengths: Fine detail, smooth surfaces and small features that are difficult to reproduce with a filament nozzle.
Limitations: Support marks, cleaning and post-curing, resin-specific brittleness or ageing, and typically smaller build volumes.
Applications: Presentation models, masters, miniature mechanisms, casting patterns and detailed enclosures.

Selection basisUseful when fine detail and surface quality are more important than large build volume or high impact resistance.

Open SLA / DLP / MSLA guide →

How it worksA focused beam follows vector paths, heating a narrow kerf through a flat sheet.

Strengths: Fast profiles, repeatable geometry, efficient nesting and no cutting force on delicate shapes.
Limitations: Primarily 2D, material and thickness limits, kerf compensation, edge heat and minimum feature rules.
Applications: Panels, gaskets, templates, signs, flat-pack assemblies, spacers and electronic enclosures.

Selection basisSuitable when the part can be produced as a flat profile or assembled from flat profiles.

How it worksThe laser modulates power while scanning lines or following vectors to alter or remove a shallow surface layer.

Strengths: Non-contact marking, variable imagery, fine lettering and repeatable serialisation without printing plates.
Limitations: Contrast depends on material, photographs require tonal conversion and some finishes need testing.
Applications: Control panels, QR codes, serial numbers, logos, diagrams, gifts and workshop labels.

Selection basisSuitable for permanent information or decoration on a compatible surface.

How it worksA rotating cutter removes material along programmed paths, usually from sheet or plate held on a flat bed.

Strengths: Bulk material properties, good planar accuracy, pockets, countersinks and larger formats than desktop printers.
Limitations: Internal corners inherit tool radius; clamping, chip removal, tool access and stock thickness constrain geometry.
Applications: Composite panels, plywood assemblies, plastic plates, jigs, fixtures and equipment panels.

Selection basisSuitable for plate-like parts that need pockets or machined edges beyond a 2D laser process.

How it worksRigid cutters remove material from metal stock on mills, lathes and related machine tools.

Strengths: Tight tolerances, predictable bulk properties, excellent threads and bearing fits, heat and wear resistance.
Limitations: Higher setup and stock cost, tool-access constraints, more waste and slower changes for one-off complex parts.
Applications: Shafts, precision interfaces, high-load mounts, hot-zone parts, wear components and safety-critical hardware.

Selection basisSuitable when the required stiffness, temperature capability, wear behaviour or precision justifies metal machining.